Portable Document Format (PDF) is an open standard for document exchange. The file format created by Adobe Systems in 1993 is used for representing two-dimensional documents in a manner independent of the application software, hardware, and operating system.[2] Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout 2D document that includes the text, fonts, images, and 2D vector graphics which compose the documents. Lately, 3D drawings can be embedded in PDF documents with Acrobat 3D using U3D or PRC and various other data formats.
PDF's adoption in the early days of the format's history was slow.[7] Adobe Acrobat, Adobe's suite for reading and creating PDF files, was not freely available; early versions of PDF had no support for external hyperlinks, reducing its usefulness on the Internet; the larger size of a PDF document compared to plain text required longer download times over the slower modems common at the time; and rendering PDF files was slow on the less powerful machines of the day. Additionally, there were competing formats such as Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format (.ps); in those early years, PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows. In 1995, AT&T Labs commenced work on another electronic document standard targeted at libraries and archives for preserving their books and documents, DjVu. This standard has evolved into the .djv/ .djvu format, which has had growing success and penetration in the online world for eBooks, catalogs, and image-sharing.
Adobe soon started distributing its Acrobat Reader (now Adobe Reader) program at no cost, and continued supporting the original PDF, which eventually became the de facto standard for printable documents on the web (a standard web document).
The PDF specification has changed several times and continues to evolve as new versions of Adobe Acrobat are released. There have been nine versions of PDF with corresponding Acrobat releases:
(1993) – PDF 1.0 / Acrobat 1.0
(1994) – PDF 1.1 / Acrobat 2.0
(1996) – PDF 1.2 / Acrobat 3.0
(1999) – PDF 1.3 / Acrobat 4.0
(2001) – PDF 1.4 / Acrobat 5.0
(2003) – PDF 1.5 / Acrobat 6.0
(2005) – PDF 1.6 / Acrobat 7.0
(2006) – PDF 1.7 / Acrobat 8.0
(2008) – PDF 1.7, Adobe Extension Level 3 / Acrobat 9.0
(2009) – PDF 1.7, Adobe Extension Level 5 / Acrobat 9.1
Adobe soon started distributing its Acrobat Reader (now Adobe Reader) program at no cost, and continued supporting the original PDF, which eventually became the de facto standard for printable documents on the web (a standard web document).
The PDF specification has changed several times and continues to evolve as new versions of Adobe Acrobat are released. There have been nine versions of PDF with corresponding Acrobat releases:
(1993) – PDF 1.0 / Acrobat 1.0
(1994) – PDF 1.1 / Acrobat 2.0
(1996) – PDF 1.2 / Acrobat 3.0
(1999) – PDF 1.3 / Acrobat 4.0
(2001) – PDF 1.4 / Acrobat 5.0
(2003) – PDF 1.5 / Acrobat 6.0
(2005) – PDF 1.6 / Acrobat 7.0
(2006) – PDF 1.7 / Acrobat 8.0
(2008) – PDF 1.7, Adobe Extension Level 3 / Acrobat 9.0
(2009) – PDF 1.7, Adobe Extension Level 5 / Acrobat 9.1
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